23andMe does test for MTHFR variants. Specifically, they analyze the C677T and A1298C variants. However, precisely how much information you receive depends on your subscription.
Knowing your genetic variants can be helpful, but understanding what these results actually mean for your health is crucial. Let’s clarify exactly what your test covers and how to interpret it responsibly.
How 23andMe Reports MTHFR Variants
23andMe+ Premium provides an official report of MTHFR variants. All 23andMe tests include raw genetic data, allowing you to identify your MTHFR variants manually.
Depending on your subscription, 23andMe offers different insights into your MTHFR status:
| Tier | Official MTHFR Report? | Raw SNP Data (rs1801133 & rs1801131)? |
|---|---|---|
| Ancestry + Traits | No | Yes |
| Health + Ancestry | No | Yes |
| 23andMe+ Premium | Yes (From March 2025) | Yes |
How to Access Your Raw MTHFR Data?
To check your own MTHFR variants directly, follow these steps to download your raw DNA file:
Log into your 23andMe account.
Navigate to the “Browse Raw Data” section.
Download your raw genetic data file.
Open it using a spreadsheet or a dedicated SNP analysis tool.
Search specifically for these SNP IDs: rs1801133 (C677T) and rs1801131 (A1298C).
What is MTHFR and Why Does it Matter?
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key regulatory enzyme in folate and homocysteine metabolism. It plays a key role in DNA methylation, which affects immune function, and impacts mood regulation.
While the common MTHFR variants typically don’t cause significant health problems, some studies link MTHFR mutations with several conditions, such as:
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder
- Depression
- Autism
- Neural tube defects
- Cardiovascular problems
However, there is still no solid scientific evidence to prove this, as research is still in its infancy.
Common Vs. Rare MTHFR Variants
Common variants (C677T & A1298C) exist in 30 to 50% of the population. They usually cause minor reductions in enzyme function, and most carriers can maintain normal homocysteine levels through diet.
However, rare pathogenic MTHFR variants can cause severe MTHFR deficiency, leading to homocystinuria and reduced enzyme function. This can lead to severe medical conditions and require specific clinical genetic tests beyond consumer DNA testing.
Having a common MTHFR variant doesn’t mean you’ll develop health problems, but it can inform decisions about diet and pregnancy-related supplementation.
What to Consider About MTHFR?
Testing for MTHFR variants has little clinical significance. While many sources claim MTHFR variants cause various health problems, the scientific community largely disagrees regarding the most common variants.
Certain rare MTHFR variants can cause a condition called homocystinuria, but these are very different from the commonly tested ones and far less frequent.
Should You Get Tested?
Whether or not to analyze your MTHFR status is a personal decision. Here are some factors to consider:
- Family history — Do you have a family history of conditions sometimes linked to MTHFR (neural tube defects, cardiovascular issues, etc.)?
- Consultation — Have you contacted a doctor or genetic counselor to assess your situation?
- Reason for testing — Are you seeking diagnostic information about a current health concern, or is your interest more preventative?
